Annually – although not at the beginning of each year – the Commission presents a report on research and technological development (RTD) activities to the European Parliament and to the Council.
Reports such as this can sound boring, but to students and other interested persons they are valuable resources. These reports offer both quick overviews and distilled knowledge about the policy area in question.
So, if research, technological development, innovation, the FP7 or the like is up your alley, read on.
***
Article 173 TEC
Article 173 (ex Article 130p) of the current Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) contains an obligation for the Commission to report on research and technological development (RTD) activities and dissemination of results during the previous year. The report shall include the work programme for the current year.
This report is supposed to be sent at the beginning of each year, to the European Parliament and the Council.
Here is Article 173 TEC, as published in the latest consolidated version of the treaties, OJEU 29.12.2006 C 321 E/123:
Article 173 TEC
At the beginning of each year the Commission shall send a report to the European Parliament and to the Council. The report shall include information on research and technological development activities and the dissemination of results during the previous year, and the work programme for the current year.
***
Original Lisbon Treaty (ToL)
Article 2, point 142 inserted a new Article 172a and point 143 amended Article 174 (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/86–87).
No specific amendment concerned Article 173 TEC.
***
Renumbering the Treaty of Lisbon (ToL)
(As we have noted earlier, the Table of equivalences of the original Treaty of Lisbon tells us that Title XVIII first became Title XVIII with the addition of space in the TFEU (ToL), and later renumbered Title XIX Research and technological development and space in the consolidated version.)
Article 173 TEC first became Article 173 TFEU (ToL), but was then renumbered Article 190 TFEU in the consolidated version of the Lisbon Treaty (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/217–218).
***
Lisbon Treaty consolidated
Article 190 TFEU
The Article was renumbered, but apart from that it is one of the fairly rare instance of a provision where not a single word is changed. Article 190 TFEU appears like this in the consolidated version of the Treaty of Lisbon (OJEU 9.5.2008 C 115/132):
(TITLE XIX
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE)
Article 190
(ex Article 173 TEC)
At the beginning of each year the Commission shall send a report to the European Parliament and to the Council. The report shall include information on research and technological development activities and the dissemination of results during the previous year, and the work programme for the current year.
***
Annual report
The beginning of the year must be given a liberal interpretation and, perhaps, be seen as unrealistic with regard to gathering and processing the data necessary for a meaningful retrospective report. Anyway, the latest annual RTD report based on Article 173 TEC was published 18 August 2008.
The latest Report from the Commission Annual Report on research and technological development activities of the European Union in 2007 (Brussels, 18.8.2008 COM(2008) 519 final), is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2008:0519:FIN:EN:PDF
The eleven pages of Annual Report are a useful summary of policy initiatives concerning the European Research Area (ERA) and the first year of implementation of the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7) as well as key findings on funding etc.
The Annual RTD Report was accompanied by a Staff Working Document:
Commission Staff Working Document Accompanying the Report from the Commission Annual Report on research and technological development activities of the European Union in 2007 (Brussels, 18.8.2008 SEC(2008) 2380 final). The 121 pages present a more detailed picture of individual research programmes and activities:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=SEC:2008:2380:FIN:EN:PDF
In the European Parliament the Industry, Research and Energy Committee is responsible for the evaluation. The Council reference to the documents is number 12554/08. No indications of follow-up have been indicated to date.
Ralf Grahn
Showing posts with label FP7. Show all posts
Showing posts with label FP7. Show all posts
Monday, 12 January 2009
Friday, 9 January 2009
EU Law: Joint research undertakings
The current Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) offers the flexible opportunity to set up joint undertakings or any other structure necessary for the efficient execution of European Community (European Union) research, technological development and demonstration programmes.
After a slow start, five joint research undertakings, also known as Joint Technology Initiatives (JTIs), have been created since December 2007 under the Seventh Research Framework Programme (FP7).
***
Article 171 TEC
Article 171 (ex Article 130n) of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) provides an option for the European Community to set up joint undertakings. The flexibility is increased further be the addition of any other structure.
These undertakings or structures must be necessary for the efficient execution of Community research, technological development and demonstration programmes.
This option is not directly linked to the current framework programme or restricted to its life-cycle, which means that permanent undertakings and structures are possible.
For a long time this treaty provision remained a dead letter, but with the development of EC (EU) research activities, it has come to increasing use (as we will see).
The current Article 171 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC), as published in the latest consolidated version of the treaties, OJEU 29.12.2006 C 321 E/122:
(TITLE XVIII
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT)
Article 171 TEC
The Community may set up joint undertakings or any other structure necessary for the efficient execution of Community research, technological development and demonstration programmes.
***
Original Lisbon Treaty (ToL)
Article 2, point 141 amended Article 170 TEC and point 142 inserted a new Article 172a (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/86).
In other words, Article 171 TEC underwent no specific amendment.
***
Renumbering the Treaty of Lisbon (ToL)
(The Table of equivalences of the original Treaty of Lisbon tells us that Title XVIII first became Title XVIII with the addition of space in the TFEU (ToL), and later renumbered Title XIX Research and technological development and space in the consolidated version.)
Article 171 TEC initially became Article 171 TFEU (ToL) before the renumbering of the treaty made it into Article 187 TFEU in the consolidated version of the Lisbon Treaty (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/217–218).
***
Lisbon Treaty consolidated
Article 187 TFEU
The ‘Community’ was twice replaced by the ‘Union’ (horizontal amendment) and the Article was renumbered. Article 187 TFEU appears like this in the consolidated version of the Treaty of Lisbon (OJEU 9.5.2008 C 115/131):
(TITLE XIX
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE)
Article 187 TFEU
(ex Article 171 TEC)
The Union may set up joint undertakings or any other structure necessary for the efficient execution of Union research, technological development and demonstration programmes.
***
FP7 – Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013)
Decision No 1982/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 412/1, includes a few references to Article 171 TEC. The FP7 is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:412:0001:0041:EN:PDF
***
Research infrastructures proposal
The Commission has made the Proposal for a Council Regulation on the Community legal framework for a European Research Infrastructure (ERI), Brussels, 25.7.2008 COM(2008) 467 final.
In the Commission’s view, the legal framework for a European Research Infrastructure is designed to facilitate the joint establishment and operation of research facilities of European interest between several Member States and countries associated to the Community R&D Framework Programme. It is being developed in response to requests from the Member States and the scientific community, because the available national and international legal forms are not fully adequate.
The legal base of the Regulation would be Article 171 TEC. The proposed Article 1 of the Regulation presents the intended scope:
Article 1
Subject-matter and scope
1. This Regulation establishes a framework laying down the requirements and procedures for and the effects of setting up a European Research Infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as "ERI").
2. It shall apply to research infrastructures of pan-European interest.
The Commission’s ERI proposal is available here:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/press/2008/pdf/com_2008_467_en.pdf
***
Joint Technology Initiatives (JTIs)
One of the concepts in the area of joint undertakings is Joint Technology Initiatives (JTIs), with the following description given on one of the Commission’s web pages:
JTIs aim to achieve greater strategic focus by supporting common ambitious research agendas in areas that are crucial for competitiveness and growth, assembling and coordinating at European level a critical mass of research. They therefore draw on all sources of R&D investment - public or private - and couple research tightly to innovation.
Source: Joint Technology Initiatives (web page):
http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/tl/research/priv_invest/jti/index_en.htm
Cordis offers more comprehensive information about Joint Technology Initiatives, under the Seventh Research Framework Programme (FP7), and subtitled Public-Private Partnerships in EU Research:
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/jtis/
***
Galileo
The first European Community joint research undertaking set up pursuant to Article 171 TEC, was Galileo.
Council Regulation (EC) No 876/2002 of 21 May 2002 setting up the Galileo Joint Undertaking
(originally published OJ 28.5.2002 L 138/1). The consolidated Regulation is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2002R0876:20061222:EN:PDF
***
New joint ventures
Since the beginning of the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7) the establishment of new joint undertakings has boomed as a promising sign of intensifying EU research efforts.
Clean Sky Joint Undertaking
Council Regulation (EC) No 71/2007 of 20 December 2007 setting up the Clean Sky Joint Undertaking, published OJEU 4.2.2008 L 30/1 (but later corrigenda), is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:030:0001:0020:EN:PDF
Introducing the concept Joint Technology Initiative (JTI), the Regulation sets up a joint undertaking within the meaning of Article 171 TEC:
Article 1
Setting up of a Joint Undertaking
1. For the implementation of the Joint Technology Initiative on Clean Sky, a Joint Undertaking within the meaning of Article 171 of the Treaty is hereby set up for the period up to 31 December 2017 (hereinafter referred to as the Clean Sky Joint Undertaking).
2. Its seat shall be located in Brussels, Belgium.
***
ENIAC
Council Regulation (EC) No 72/2008 of 20 December 2007 setting up the ENIAC Joint Undertaking, originally published OJEU 4.2.2008 L 30/21. The consolidated version is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2008R0072:20080207:EN:PDF
The joint undertaking was based on Articles 171 and 172 TEC:
Article 1
Establishment of a Joint Undertaking
1. For the implementation of the Joint Technology Initiative (hereinafter JTI) on nanoelectronics, a Joint Undertaking within the meaning of Article 171 of the Treaty (hereinafter the ENIAC Joint Undertaking) is hereby set up for a period up to 31 December 2017.
2. The seat of the ENIAC Joint Undertaking shall be located in Brussels, Belgium.
***
IMI
Council Regulation (EC) No 73/2008 of 20 December 2007 setting up the Joint Undertaking for the implementation of the Joint Technology Initiative on Innovative Medicines, published OJEU 4.2.2008 L 30/38, is accessible here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:030:0038:0051:EN:PDF
The IMI Regulation was based on Articles 171 and 172 TEC:
Article 1
Establishment of a Joint Undertaking
1. A Joint Undertaking for the implementation of the Joint Technology Initiative on Innovative Medicines is hereby set up for a period up to 31 December 2017 (hereinafter referred to as IMI Joint Undertaking).
2. The seat of the IMI Joint Undertaking shall be located in Brussels, Belgium.
***
ARTEMIS
Council Regulation (EC) No 74/2008 of 20 December 2007 on the establishment of the ‘ARTEMIS Joint Undertaking’ to implement a Joint Technology Initiative in Embedded Computing Systems, originally published =JEU4.2.2008 L 30/52, but the consolidated version is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2008R0074:20080207:EN:PDF
The Artemis Regulation was based on Articles 171 and 172 TEC:
Article 1
Establishment of a Joint Undertaking
1. For the implementation of the Joint Technology Initiative (JTI) on Embedded Computing Systems, a Joint Undertaking within the meaning of Article 171 of the Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the ‘ARTEMIS Joint Undertaking’, is hereby set up for a period up to 31 December 2017.
2. The seat of the ARTEMIS Joint Undertaking shall be located in Brussels, Belgium.
***
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen (FCH)
Council Regulation (EC) No 521/2008 of 30 May 2008 setting up the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking, published OJEU 12.6.2008 L 153/1, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:153:0001:0020:EN:PDF
The Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Regulation was based on Articles 171 and 172 TEC:
Article 1
Establishment
1. For the implementation of the Joint Technology Initiative (hereinafter referred to as JTI) on Fuel Cells and Hydrogen, a Joint Undertaking within the meaning of Article 171 of the Treaty (hereinafter referred to as the FCH Joint Undertaking) is hereby set up for a period up to 31 December 2017.
2. The seat of the FCH Joint Undertaking shall be located in Brussels, Belgium.
Ralf Grahn
After a slow start, five joint research undertakings, also known as Joint Technology Initiatives (JTIs), have been created since December 2007 under the Seventh Research Framework Programme (FP7).
***
Article 171 TEC
Article 171 (ex Article 130n) of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) provides an option for the European Community to set up joint undertakings. The flexibility is increased further be the addition of any other structure.
These undertakings or structures must be necessary for the efficient execution of Community research, technological development and demonstration programmes.
This option is not directly linked to the current framework programme or restricted to its life-cycle, which means that permanent undertakings and structures are possible.
For a long time this treaty provision remained a dead letter, but with the development of EC (EU) research activities, it has come to increasing use (as we will see).
The current Article 171 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC), as published in the latest consolidated version of the treaties, OJEU 29.12.2006 C 321 E/122:
(TITLE XVIII
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT)
Article 171 TEC
The Community may set up joint undertakings or any other structure necessary for the efficient execution of Community research, technological development and demonstration programmes.
***
Original Lisbon Treaty (ToL)
Article 2, point 141 amended Article 170 TEC and point 142 inserted a new Article 172a (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/86).
In other words, Article 171 TEC underwent no specific amendment.
***
Renumbering the Treaty of Lisbon (ToL)
(The Table of equivalences of the original Treaty of Lisbon tells us that Title XVIII first became Title XVIII with the addition of space in the TFEU (ToL), and later renumbered Title XIX Research and technological development and space in the consolidated version.)
Article 171 TEC initially became Article 171 TFEU (ToL) before the renumbering of the treaty made it into Article 187 TFEU in the consolidated version of the Lisbon Treaty (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/217–218).
***
Lisbon Treaty consolidated
Article 187 TFEU
The ‘Community’ was twice replaced by the ‘Union’ (horizontal amendment) and the Article was renumbered. Article 187 TFEU appears like this in the consolidated version of the Treaty of Lisbon (OJEU 9.5.2008 C 115/131):
(TITLE XIX
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE)
Article 187 TFEU
(ex Article 171 TEC)
The Union may set up joint undertakings or any other structure necessary for the efficient execution of Union research, technological development and demonstration programmes.
***
FP7 – Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013)
Decision No 1982/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 412/1, includes a few references to Article 171 TEC. The FP7 is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:412:0001:0041:EN:PDF
***
Research infrastructures proposal
The Commission has made the Proposal for a Council Regulation on the Community legal framework for a European Research Infrastructure (ERI), Brussels, 25.7.2008 COM(2008) 467 final.
In the Commission’s view, the legal framework for a European Research Infrastructure is designed to facilitate the joint establishment and operation of research facilities of European interest between several Member States and countries associated to the Community R&D Framework Programme. It is being developed in response to requests from the Member States and the scientific community, because the available national and international legal forms are not fully adequate.
The legal base of the Regulation would be Article 171 TEC. The proposed Article 1 of the Regulation presents the intended scope:
Article 1
Subject-matter and scope
1. This Regulation establishes a framework laying down the requirements and procedures for and the effects of setting up a European Research Infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as "ERI").
2. It shall apply to research infrastructures of pan-European interest.
The Commission’s ERI proposal is available here:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/press/2008/pdf/com_2008_467_en.pdf
***
Joint Technology Initiatives (JTIs)
One of the concepts in the area of joint undertakings is Joint Technology Initiatives (JTIs), with the following description given on one of the Commission’s web pages:
JTIs aim to achieve greater strategic focus by supporting common ambitious research agendas in areas that are crucial for competitiveness and growth, assembling and coordinating at European level a critical mass of research. They therefore draw on all sources of R&D investment - public or private - and couple research tightly to innovation.
Source: Joint Technology Initiatives (web page):
http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/tl/research/priv_invest/jti/index_en.htm
Cordis offers more comprehensive information about Joint Technology Initiatives, under the Seventh Research Framework Programme (FP7), and subtitled Public-Private Partnerships in EU Research:
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/jtis/
***
Galileo
The first European Community joint research undertaking set up pursuant to Article 171 TEC, was Galileo.
Council Regulation (EC) No 876/2002 of 21 May 2002 setting up the Galileo Joint Undertaking
(originally published OJ 28.5.2002 L 138/1). The consolidated Regulation is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2002R0876:20061222:EN:PDF
***
New joint ventures
Since the beginning of the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7) the establishment of new joint undertakings has boomed as a promising sign of intensifying EU research efforts.
Clean Sky Joint Undertaking
Council Regulation (EC) No 71/2007 of 20 December 2007 setting up the Clean Sky Joint Undertaking, published OJEU 4.2.2008 L 30/1 (but later corrigenda), is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:030:0001:0020:EN:PDF
Introducing the concept Joint Technology Initiative (JTI), the Regulation sets up a joint undertaking within the meaning of Article 171 TEC:
Article 1
Setting up of a Joint Undertaking
1. For the implementation of the Joint Technology Initiative on Clean Sky, a Joint Undertaking within the meaning of Article 171 of the Treaty is hereby set up for the period up to 31 December 2017 (hereinafter referred to as the Clean Sky Joint Undertaking).
2. Its seat shall be located in Brussels, Belgium.
***
ENIAC
Council Regulation (EC) No 72/2008 of 20 December 2007 setting up the ENIAC Joint Undertaking, originally published OJEU 4.2.2008 L 30/21. The consolidated version is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2008R0072:20080207:EN:PDF
The joint undertaking was based on Articles 171 and 172 TEC:
Article 1
Establishment of a Joint Undertaking
1. For the implementation of the Joint Technology Initiative (hereinafter JTI) on nanoelectronics, a Joint Undertaking within the meaning of Article 171 of the Treaty (hereinafter the ENIAC Joint Undertaking) is hereby set up for a period up to 31 December 2017.
2. The seat of the ENIAC Joint Undertaking shall be located in Brussels, Belgium.
***
IMI
Council Regulation (EC) No 73/2008 of 20 December 2007 setting up the Joint Undertaking for the implementation of the Joint Technology Initiative on Innovative Medicines, published OJEU 4.2.2008 L 30/38, is accessible here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:030:0038:0051:EN:PDF
The IMI Regulation was based on Articles 171 and 172 TEC:
Article 1
Establishment of a Joint Undertaking
1. A Joint Undertaking for the implementation of the Joint Technology Initiative on Innovative Medicines is hereby set up for a period up to 31 December 2017 (hereinafter referred to as IMI Joint Undertaking).
2. The seat of the IMI Joint Undertaking shall be located in Brussels, Belgium.
***
ARTEMIS
Council Regulation (EC) No 74/2008 of 20 December 2007 on the establishment of the ‘ARTEMIS Joint Undertaking’ to implement a Joint Technology Initiative in Embedded Computing Systems, originally published =JEU4.2.2008 L 30/52, but the consolidated version is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2008R0074:20080207:EN:PDF
The Artemis Regulation was based on Articles 171 and 172 TEC:
Article 1
Establishment of a Joint Undertaking
1. For the implementation of the Joint Technology Initiative (JTI) on Embedded Computing Systems, a Joint Undertaking within the meaning of Article 171 of the Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the ‘ARTEMIS Joint Undertaking’, is hereby set up for a period up to 31 December 2017.
2. The seat of the ARTEMIS Joint Undertaking shall be located in Brussels, Belgium.
***
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen (FCH)
Council Regulation (EC) No 521/2008 of 30 May 2008 setting up the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking, published OJEU 12.6.2008 L 153/1, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:153:0001:0020:EN:PDF
The Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Regulation was based on Articles 171 and 172 TEC:
Article 1
Establishment
1. For the implementation of the Joint Technology Initiative (hereinafter referred to as JTI) on Fuel Cells and Hydrogen, a Joint Undertaking within the meaning of Article 171 of the Treaty (hereinafter referred to as the FCH Joint Undertaking) is hereby set up for a period up to 31 December 2017.
2. The seat of the FCH Joint Undertaking shall be located in Brussels, Belgium.
Ralf Grahn
Thursday, 8 January 2009
EU Law: International research cooperation
A further option offered by the current Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) is research cooperation between the European Community (European Union) and third countries or international organisations.
This international cooperation is tied to the multiannual framework programme, currently the European Community’s (European Union’s) Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7), running from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2013.
After looking at the relevant treaty provisions, we offer some suggestions for further reading on the European Union’s efforts to promote international research cooperation.
***
Article 170 TEC
Article 170 (ex Article 130m) of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) provides an option for the European Community to cooperate with third countries or international organisations when implementing the framework programme for research and technological development.
The cooperation is based on the framework programme, currently the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7), running from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2013.
The second paragraph of Article 170 TEC offers a second option (‘may’): international agreements between the EC (EU) and third countries or international organisations.
The paragraph refers to Article 300 TEC on negotiating and concluding international agreements.
The current Article 170 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC), as published in the latest consolidated version of the treaties, OJEU 29.12.2006 C 321 E/122:
(TITLE XVIII
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT)
Article 170 TEC
In implementing the multiannual framework programme the Community may make provision for cooperation in Community research, technological development and demonstration with third countries or international organisations.
The detailed arrangements for such cooperation may be the subject of agreements between the Community and the third parties concerned, which shall be negotiated and concluded in accordance with Article 300.
***
Original Lisbon Treaty (ToL)
Article 2, point 141 amended Article 170 TEC (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/86):
141) In the second paragraph of Article 170, the words ‘, which shall be negotiated and concluded in accordance with Article 300’ shall be deleted.
***
Renumbering the Treaty of Lisbon (ToL)
(The Table of equivalences of the original Treaty of Lisbon tells us that Title XVIII first became Title XVIII with the addition of space in the TFEU (ToL), and later renumbered Title XIX Research and technological development and space in the consolidated version.)
Article 170 TEC initially became Article 170 TFEU (ToL) before the renumbering of the treaty made it into Article 186 TFEU in the consolidated version of the Lisbon Treaty (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/217–218).
***
Deleted procedure
The Treaty of Lisbon deleted the reference to the Article 300 procedure for negotiating and concluding international agreements. This was in line with Article III-252(4) of the Constitutional Treaty.
***
Lisbon Treaty consolidated
Article 186 TFEU
The ‘Community’ was replaced by the ‘Union’ (horizontal amendment) and the Article was renumbered. Article 186 TFEU dropped the reference to Article 300 TEC, and it appears like this in the consolidated version of the Treaty of Lisbon (OJEU 9.5.2008 C 115/131):
(TITLE XIX
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE)
Article 186 TFEU
(ex Article 170 TEC)
In implementing the multiannual framework programme the Union may make provision for cooperation in Union research, technological development and demonstration with third countries or international organisations.
The detailed arrangements for such cooperation may be the subject of agreements between the Union and the third parties concerned.
***
FP7 – Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013)
Decision No 1982/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 412/1, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:412:0001:0041:EN:PDF
Recital 27 of the FP7 indicates the state of affairs and the efforts to strengthen international research cooperation:
(27) The Community has concluded a number of international agreements in the field of research and efforts should be made to strengthen international research cooperation with a view to reaping the full benefits of internationalisation of RTD, to contributing to the production of global public goods and to further integrating the Community into the world-wide research community.
***
Research Directorate-General
The Commission’s Directorate-General Research offers a gateway to International Cooperation here:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/index.cfm
A table of various agreements on research and technological development is accessible here:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/pdf/st_agreement_ec_euratom_en.pdf
The Commission staff working document A new approach to international scientific and technological co-operation in the 7th Research Framework Programme (2007-2013) and 7th Framework Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) (2007-2011), Bussels, 12.1.2007 SEC(2007)47, explains the objectives of the Commission to foster international research cooperation during the existing framework programmes:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/pdf/newapproach_en.pdf
The Commission has followed up with the recent forward looking Communication A strategic European framework for international science and technology cooperation, Brussels, 24 September 2008 COM (2008) 588 final:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/pdf/com_2008_588_en.pdf
This is how the Commission presents its view:
This Communication presents a strategic European framework for international cooperation in science and technology (S&T). It also covers the specific aspects of such cooperation in information and communication technologies (ICT).
By strengthening its research effort and facilitating the use of new technologies, Europe can respond more effectively and efficiently to the major challenges society is facing today. Deepening the European Research Area (ERA) through greater integration and cross-border coordination of research investments and activities will increase Europe's competitiveness and its attractiveness as a place to invest in research and innovation. Promoting European ICTs worldwide as a key driver of socio-economic growth will also contribute to the Growth and Jobs agenda1. Deepening the ERA should go hand in hand with widening it, through enhanced cooperation with international partners.
Ralf Grahn
This international cooperation is tied to the multiannual framework programme, currently the European Community’s (European Union’s) Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7), running from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2013.
After looking at the relevant treaty provisions, we offer some suggestions for further reading on the European Union’s efforts to promote international research cooperation.
***
Article 170 TEC
Article 170 (ex Article 130m) of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) provides an option for the European Community to cooperate with third countries or international organisations when implementing the framework programme for research and technological development.
The cooperation is based on the framework programme, currently the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7), running from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2013.
The second paragraph of Article 170 TEC offers a second option (‘may’): international agreements between the EC (EU) and third countries or international organisations.
The paragraph refers to Article 300 TEC on negotiating and concluding international agreements.
The current Article 170 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC), as published in the latest consolidated version of the treaties, OJEU 29.12.2006 C 321 E/122:
(TITLE XVIII
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT)
Article 170 TEC
In implementing the multiannual framework programme the Community may make provision for cooperation in Community research, technological development and demonstration with third countries or international organisations.
The detailed arrangements for such cooperation may be the subject of agreements between the Community and the third parties concerned, which shall be negotiated and concluded in accordance with Article 300.
***
Original Lisbon Treaty (ToL)
Article 2, point 141 amended Article 170 TEC (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/86):
141) In the second paragraph of Article 170, the words ‘, which shall be negotiated and concluded in accordance with Article 300’ shall be deleted.
***
Renumbering the Treaty of Lisbon (ToL)
(The Table of equivalences of the original Treaty of Lisbon tells us that Title XVIII first became Title XVIII with the addition of space in the TFEU (ToL), and later renumbered Title XIX Research and technological development and space in the consolidated version.)
Article 170 TEC initially became Article 170 TFEU (ToL) before the renumbering of the treaty made it into Article 186 TFEU in the consolidated version of the Lisbon Treaty (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/217–218).
***
Deleted procedure
The Treaty of Lisbon deleted the reference to the Article 300 procedure for negotiating and concluding international agreements. This was in line with Article III-252(4) of the Constitutional Treaty.
***
Lisbon Treaty consolidated
Article 186 TFEU
The ‘Community’ was replaced by the ‘Union’ (horizontal amendment) and the Article was renumbered. Article 186 TFEU dropped the reference to Article 300 TEC, and it appears like this in the consolidated version of the Treaty of Lisbon (OJEU 9.5.2008 C 115/131):
(TITLE XIX
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE)
Article 186 TFEU
(ex Article 170 TEC)
In implementing the multiannual framework programme the Union may make provision for cooperation in Union research, technological development and demonstration with third countries or international organisations.
The detailed arrangements for such cooperation may be the subject of agreements between the Union and the third parties concerned.
***
FP7 – Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013)
Decision No 1982/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 412/1, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:412:0001:0041:EN:PDF
Recital 27 of the FP7 indicates the state of affairs and the efforts to strengthen international research cooperation:
(27) The Community has concluded a number of international agreements in the field of research and efforts should be made to strengthen international research cooperation with a view to reaping the full benefits of internationalisation of RTD, to contributing to the production of global public goods and to further integrating the Community into the world-wide research community.
***
Research Directorate-General
The Commission’s Directorate-General Research offers a gateway to International Cooperation here:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/index.cfm
A table of various agreements on research and technological development is accessible here:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/pdf/st_agreement_ec_euratom_en.pdf
The Commission staff working document A new approach to international scientific and technological co-operation in the 7th Research Framework Programme (2007-2013) and 7th Framework Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) (2007-2011), Bussels, 12.1.2007 SEC(2007)47, explains the objectives of the Commission to foster international research cooperation during the existing framework programmes:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/pdf/newapproach_en.pdf
The Commission has followed up with the recent forward looking Communication A strategic European framework for international science and technology cooperation, Brussels, 24 September 2008 COM (2008) 588 final:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/pdf/com_2008_588_en.pdf
This is how the Commission presents its view:
This Communication presents a strategic European framework for international cooperation in science and technology (S&T). It also covers the specific aspects of such cooperation in information and communication technologies (ICT).
By strengthening its research effort and facilitating the use of new technologies, Europe can respond more effectively and efficiently to the major challenges society is facing today. Deepening the European Research Area (ERA) through greater integration and cross-border coordination of research investments and activities will increase Europe's competitiveness and its attractiveness as a place to invest in research and innovation. Promoting European ICTs worldwide as a key driver of socio-economic growth will also contribute to the Growth and Jobs agenda1. Deepening the ERA should go hand in hand with widening it, through enhanced cooperation with international partners.
Ralf Grahn
Wednesday, 7 January 2009
EU Law: Joint implementation of research programmes
One of the options offered by the current Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) is for the Community to participate jointly with member states in research programmes.
Under the European Community’s (European Union’s) Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7) the references to the potential use of this option have multiplied.
We look at this optional instrument both at treaty level and in the FP7, running from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2013.
CORDIS has recently established a portal dedicated to Article 169 initiatives.
***
Article 169 TEC
Article 169 (ex Article 130l) of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) provides an option for the European Community to participate in the implementation of the framework programme for research and technological development.
In agreement with the member states concerned, the Community can participate in concrete research and development programmes undertaken by some member states. This can include participation in the structures created for the execution of those programmes.
The current Article 169 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC), as published in the latest consolidated version of the treaties, OJEU 29.12.2006 C 321 E/122:
(TITLE XVIII
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT)
Article 169 TEC
In implementing the multiannual framework programme, the Community may make provision, in agreement with the Member States concerned, for participation in research and development programmes undertaken by several Member States, including participation in the structures created for the execution of those programmes.
***
Original Lisbon Treaty (ToL)
Article 2, point 140 of the Lisbon Treaty amended Article 168 TEC and point 141 amended Article 170 TEC (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/86).
In other words, there were no specific amendments of Article 169 TEC.
***
Renumbering the Treaty of Lisbon (ToL)
The Table of equivalences of the original Treaty of Lisbon tells us that Title XVIII first became Title XVIII with the addition of space in the TFEU (ToL), and later renumbered Title XIX Research and technological development and space in the consolidated version.
Article 169 TEC initially became Article 169 TFEU (ToL) before the renumbering of the treaty made it into Article 185 TFEU in the consolidated version of the Lisbon Treaty (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/217–218).
***
Lisbon Treaty consolidated
Article 184 TFEU
The ‘Community’ was replaced by the ‘Union’ (horizontal amendment) and the Article was renumbered. Article 185 TFEU appears like this in the consolidated version of the Treaty of Lisbon (OJEU 9.5.2008 C 115/131):
(TITLE XIX
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE)
Article 185 TFEU
(ex Article 169 TEC)
In implementing the multiannual framework programme, the Union may make provision, in agreement with the Member States concerned, for participation in research and development programmes undertaken by several Member States, including participation in the structures created for the execution of those programmes.
***
FP7 – Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013)
Decision No 1982/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 412/1, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:412:0001:0041:EN:PDF
Recital 26 of the FP7 Decision 1982/2006 refers to potential Community participation within the meaning of Article 169 TEC:
(26) Implementation of the Seventh Framework Programme may give rise to supplementary programmes involving the participation of certain Member States only, the participation of the Community in programmes undertaken by several Member States, or the setting up of joint undertakings or other arrangements within the meaning of Articles 168, 169 and 171 of the Treaty.
The possibility for European Community participation under Article 169 TEC is evoked in Annex I under the Cooperation programme:
Coordination of Non-Community Research Programmes
The action undertaken in this field will make use of two main tools: the ERA-NET scheme and the participation of the Community in jointly implemented national research programmes (under Article 169 of the Treaty). The action may cover subjects not directly linked to the ten themes in so far as they have sufficient European added value. The action will also be used to enhance the complementarity and synergy between the Seventh Framework Programme and activities carried out in the framework of intergovernmental structures such as EUREKA and COST.
***
In the context of the ERA-NET scheme large scale projects in ‘variable geometry’ are mentioned:
The participation of the Community in research programmes jointly implemented on the basis of Article 169 of the Treaty is especially relevant to European cooperation on a large scale in ‘variable geometry’ between Member States sharing common needs and/or interests. In well-identified cases such Article 169 initiatives could be launched in areas to be identified in close association with the Member States, including the possible cooperation with intergovernmental programmes, on the basis of a series of criteria.
***
In the context of funding schemes additional details of the application of Article 169 TEC are presented:
To support actions implemented on the basis of decisions by the Council and the European Parliament (or by the Council in consultation with the European Parliament) based on a proposal from the Commission, the Community will provide financial support to multi-financed large-scale initiatives.
— A financial contribution from the Community to the joint implementation of well identified national research programmes, on the basis of Article 169 of the Treaty. This joint implementation will require the establishment or existence of a dedicated implementation structure. Community financial support will be provided subject to the definition of a financing plan based on formal commitments from competent national authorities.
***
Research Directorate-General
Within the context of the Sixth Framework Programme, the Directorate-General for Research presented this short view on the potential use of Article 169 TEC. The undated text offers us a picture of the Commissions thinking, and it is available here:
ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/documents_r5/natdir0000039/s_1975005_20030320_152242_6FPL021975en.pdf
For ease of use, we reproduce the text of the one page document here:
Article 169
Objectives
Article 169 enables the Community to participate in research programmes undertaken jointly by several Member States, including participation in the structures created for the execution of national programmes.
Characteristics
Article 169 is potentially a very powerful instrument:
· Integrated Projects and Networks of Excellence integrate individual performers of research;
· Article 169 integrates national programmes.
Article 169 is adopted by a co-decision process between the European Parliament and the Council. The originality of Article 169 is related to the fact that the proposal comes from the Member States.
Players involved
The political players from the Member States are the policy makers and the operational players are the programme managers of national programmes. The Commission is responsible for transforming each initiative into a formal proposal of Article 169 to the Council and Parliament who then decide through the co-decision process.
Basic criteria
The basic criteria for the selection of the proposals of Article 169 are as follows:
· involvement of enough Member States to obtain a significant structuring effect and critical
mass;
· topic of great interest to the Community and fits with the thematic priorities of the Framework Programme;
· principles of co-funding by Member States and Community, and of additionality are respected;
· significant European added-value;
· Article 169 is the only way the project could be implemented.
First achievements
Several topics have been identified and one topic has been submitted as a formal proposal of Article 169: “European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership” (EDCTP). This proposal was adopted by the Commission, 28 August 2002 and has been transmitted to Council and the Parliament.
***
CORDIS 169 portal
CORDIS (the Community Research and Development Information Service) has established a portal dedicated to Article 169 initiatives:
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/art169/home_en.html
The web pages seem to contain ‘everything’ you need to know about joint implementation.
Ralf Grahn
Under the European Community’s (European Union’s) Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7) the references to the potential use of this option have multiplied.
We look at this optional instrument both at treaty level and in the FP7, running from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2013.
CORDIS has recently established a portal dedicated to Article 169 initiatives.
***
Article 169 TEC
Article 169 (ex Article 130l) of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) provides an option for the European Community to participate in the implementation of the framework programme for research and technological development.
In agreement with the member states concerned, the Community can participate in concrete research and development programmes undertaken by some member states. This can include participation in the structures created for the execution of those programmes.
The current Article 169 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC), as published in the latest consolidated version of the treaties, OJEU 29.12.2006 C 321 E/122:
(TITLE XVIII
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT)
Article 169 TEC
In implementing the multiannual framework programme, the Community may make provision, in agreement with the Member States concerned, for participation in research and development programmes undertaken by several Member States, including participation in the structures created for the execution of those programmes.
***
Original Lisbon Treaty (ToL)
Article 2, point 140 of the Lisbon Treaty amended Article 168 TEC and point 141 amended Article 170 TEC (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/86).
In other words, there were no specific amendments of Article 169 TEC.
***
Renumbering the Treaty of Lisbon (ToL)
The Table of equivalences of the original Treaty of Lisbon tells us that Title XVIII first became Title XVIII with the addition of space in the TFEU (ToL), and later renumbered Title XIX Research and technological development and space in the consolidated version.
Article 169 TEC initially became Article 169 TFEU (ToL) before the renumbering of the treaty made it into Article 185 TFEU in the consolidated version of the Lisbon Treaty (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/217–218).
***
Lisbon Treaty consolidated
Article 184 TFEU
The ‘Community’ was replaced by the ‘Union’ (horizontal amendment) and the Article was renumbered. Article 185 TFEU appears like this in the consolidated version of the Treaty of Lisbon (OJEU 9.5.2008 C 115/131):
(TITLE XIX
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE)
Article 185 TFEU
(ex Article 169 TEC)
In implementing the multiannual framework programme, the Union may make provision, in agreement with the Member States concerned, for participation in research and development programmes undertaken by several Member States, including participation in the structures created for the execution of those programmes.
***
FP7 – Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013)
Decision No 1982/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 412/1, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:412:0001:0041:EN:PDF
Recital 26 of the FP7 Decision 1982/2006 refers to potential Community participation within the meaning of Article 169 TEC:
(26) Implementation of the Seventh Framework Programme may give rise to supplementary programmes involving the participation of certain Member States only, the participation of the Community in programmes undertaken by several Member States, or the setting up of joint undertakings or other arrangements within the meaning of Articles 168, 169 and 171 of the Treaty.
The possibility for European Community participation under Article 169 TEC is evoked in Annex I under the Cooperation programme:
Coordination of Non-Community Research Programmes
The action undertaken in this field will make use of two main tools: the ERA-NET scheme and the participation of the Community in jointly implemented national research programmes (under Article 169 of the Treaty). The action may cover subjects not directly linked to the ten themes in so far as they have sufficient European added value. The action will also be used to enhance the complementarity and synergy between the Seventh Framework Programme and activities carried out in the framework of intergovernmental structures such as EUREKA and COST.
***
In the context of the ERA-NET scheme large scale projects in ‘variable geometry’ are mentioned:
The participation of the Community in research programmes jointly implemented on the basis of Article 169 of the Treaty is especially relevant to European cooperation on a large scale in ‘variable geometry’ between Member States sharing common needs and/or interests. In well-identified cases such Article 169 initiatives could be launched in areas to be identified in close association with the Member States, including the possible cooperation with intergovernmental programmes, on the basis of a series of criteria.
***
In the context of funding schemes additional details of the application of Article 169 TEC are presented:
To support actions implemented on the basis of decisions by the Council and the European Parliament (or by the Council in consultation with the European Parliament) based on a proposal from the Commission, the Community will provide financial support to multi-financed large-scale initiatives.
— A financial contribution from the Community to the joint implementation of well identified national research programmes, on the basis of Article 169 of the Treaty. This joint implementation will require the establishment or existence of a dedicated implementation structure. Community financial support will be provided subject to the definition of a financing plan based on formal commitments from competent national authorities.
***
Research Directorate-General
Within the context of the Sixth Framework Programme, the Directorate-General for Research presented this short view on the potential use of Article 169 TEC. The undated text offers us a picture of the Commissions thinking, and it is available here:
ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/documents_r5/natdir0000039/s_1975005_20030320_152242_6FPL021975en.pdf
For ease of use, we reproduce the text of the one page document here:
Article 169
Objectives
Article 169 enables the Community to participate in research programmes undertaken jointly by several Member States, including participation in the structures created for the execution of national programmes.
Characteristics
Article 169 is potentially a very powerful instrument:
· Integrated Projects and Networks of Excellence integrate individual performers of research;
· Article 169 integrates national programmes.
Article 169 is adopted by a co-decision process between the European Parliament and the Council. The originality of Article 169 is related to the fact that the proposal comes from the Member States.
Players involved
The political players from the Member States are the policy makers and the operational players are the programme managers of national programmes. The Commission is responsible for transforming each initiative into a formal proposal of Article 169 to the Council and Parliament who then decide through the co-decision process.
Basic criteria
The basic criteria for the selection of the proposals of Article 169 are as follows:
· involvement of enough Member States to obtain a significant structuring effect and critical
mass;
· topic of great interest to the Community and fits with the thematic priorities of the Framework Programme;
· principles of co-funding by Member States and Community, and of additionality are respected;
· significant European added-value;
· Article 169 is the only way the project could be implemented.
First achievements
Several topics have been identified and one topic has been submitted as a formal proposal of Article 169: “European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership” (EDCTP). This proposal was adopted by the Commission, 28 August 2002 and has been transmitted to Council and the Parliament.
***
CORDIS 169 portal
CORDIS (the Community Research and Development Information Service) has established a portal dedicated to Article 169 initiatives:
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/art169/home_en.html
The web pages seem to contain ‘everything’ you need to know about joint implementation.
Ralf Grahn
Tuesday, 6 January 2009
EU Law: Supplementary research programmes
In addition to the general European Community (European Union) Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (now FP7) and the specific programmes implementing it – Cooperation, Ideas, People, Capacities and the Joint Research Council – there exists an option to agree on supplementary programmes involving the participation of certain Member States only.
We are reminded of this optional instrument both at treaty level and by the secondary legislation concerning the FP7, running from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2013.
***
Article 168 TEC
Article 168 (ex Article 130k) of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) concerns supplementary programmes for research and technological development involving only some member states.
The supplementary programmes are primarily financed by the participating states. The Council decides on rules with regard to dissemination of knowledge and access by other member states.
The current Article 168 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC), as published in the latest consolidated version of the treaties, OJEU 29.12.2006 C 321 E/122:
(TITLE XVIII
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT)
Article 168 TEC
In implementing the multiannual framework programme, supplementary programmes may be decided on involving the participation of certain Member States only, which shall finance them subject to possible Community participation.
The Council shall adopt the rules applicable to supplementary programmes, particularly as regards the dissemination of knowledge and access by other Member States.
***
Original Lisbon Treaty (ToL)
Article 2, point 140 of the Lisbon Treaty amended Article 168 TEC (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/86):
140) In Article 168, second paragraph, the words ‘the Council’ shall be replaced by ‘the Union’.
***
Renumbering the Treaty of Lisbon (ToL)
The Table of equivalences of the original Treaty of Lisbon tells us that Title XVIII first became Title XVIII with the addition of space in the TFEU (ToL), and later renumbered Title XIX Research and technological development and space in the consolidated version.
Article 168 TEC initially became Article 168 TFEU (ToL) before the renumbering of the treaty made it into Article 184 TFEU in the consolidated version of the Lisbon Treaty (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/217–218).
***
Lisbon Treaty consolidated
Article 184 TFEU
After one specific amendments and renumbering Article 184 TFEU appears like this in the consolidated version of the Treaty of Lisbon (OJEU 9.5.2008 C 115/130):
(TITLE XIX
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE)
Article 184 TFEU
(ex Article 168 TEC)
In implementing the multiannual framework programme, supplementary programmes may be decided on involving the participation of certain Member States only, which shall finance them subject to possible Union participation.
The Union shall adopt the rules applicable to supplementary programmes, particularly as regards the dissemination of knowledge and access by other Member States.
***
FP7 – Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013)
Having looked at the treaty level, we move on to supplementary research programmes in practice.
Decision No 1982/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 412/1, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:412:0001:0041:EN:PDF
Although the treaty provision on supplementary programmes has its historical roots and causes, including limited use, here we are interested in the possible existence of such EU research programmes.
Recital 26 of the FP7 Decision 1982/2006 refers to supplementary programmes:
(26) Implementation of the Seventh Framework Programme may give rise to supplementary programmes involving the participation of certain Member States only, the participation of the Community in programmes undertaken by several Member States, or the setting up of joint undertakings or other arrangements within the meaning of Articles 168, 169 and 171 of the Treaty.
***
In other words, the FP7 Decision treats supplementary research programmes as a potential instrument.
***
Rules on supplementary programmes?
Is the text of the FP7 Decision Recital 26 just a reminder of an existing optional instrument, or are there more detailed rules in existence governing the use of supplementary programmes?
The rules for participation and for dissemination of research results are set out in Regulation (EC) No 1906/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 laying down the rules for the participation of undertakings, research centres and universities in actions under the Seventh Framework Programme and for the dissemination of research results (2007-2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 391/1:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:391:0001:0018:EN:PDF
I found no mention of supplementary research programmes in Regulation 1906/2006. This indicates that the treaty provision sets the legal framework for the potential use of supplementary programmes. The legal act or acts would probably be drafted according to the objectives, the participants and other circumstances, drawing on existing EC (EU) research Decisions, Regulations and practices.
***
Specific programmes
The Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7) is implemented through specific programmes. The possibility of supplementary programmes is mentioned in the context of the FP7 or the specific programme in question, but we leave it to the interested reader to dig more deeply.
Note that the specific programmes initially published have been corrected and the corrigenda published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) 22 February 2007 L 54. The links in earlier posts have been replaced below.
Cooperation programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/971/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the Specific Programme "Cooperation" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), initially published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/86. The corrigendum OJEU 22.2.2007 L 54/30 is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:054:0030:0080:EN:PDF
***
Ideas programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/972/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the specific programme: "Ideas" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), initially published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/243. The corrigendum OJEU 22.2.2007 L 54/81 is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:054:0081:0090:EN:PDF
***
People programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/973/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the specific programme "People" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), was initially published in OJEU 2006 L 400. Here is a link to the corrigendum OJEU 22.2.2007 L 54/91:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:054:0091:0100:EN:PDF
***
Capacities programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/974/EC of 19 December 2006 on the Specific Programme: "Capacities" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), initially published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/299. The corrigendum OJEU 22.2.2007 L 54/101 is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:054:0101:0125:EN:PDF
***
Joint Research Centre
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/975/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the Specific Programme to be carried out by means of direct actions by the Joint Research Centre under the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), initially published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/368. The corrigendum OJEU 22.2.2007 L 54/126 is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:054:0126:0138:EN:PDF
Ralf Grahn
We are reminded of this optional instrument both at treaty level and by the secondary legislation concerning the FP7, running from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2013.
***
Article 168 TEC
Article 168 (ex Article 130k) of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) concerns supplementary programmes for research and technological development involving only some member states.
The supplementary programmes are primarily financed by the participating states. The Council decides on rules with regard to dissemination of knowledge and access by other member states.
The current Article 168 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC), as published in the latest consolidated version of the treaties, OJEU 29.12.2006 C 321 E/122:
(TITLE XVIII
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT)
Article 168 TEC
In implementing the multiannual framework programme, supplementary programmes may be decided on involving the participation of certain Member States only, which shall finance them subject to possible Community participation.
The Council shall adopt the rules applicable to supplementary programmes, particularly as regards the dissemination of knowledge and access by other Member States.
***
Original Lisbon Treaty (ToL)
Article 2, point 140 of the Lisbon Treaty amended Article 168 TEC (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/86):
140) In Article 168, second paragraph, the words ‘the Council’ shall be replaced by ‘the Union’.
***
Renumbering the Treaty of Lisbon (ToL)
The Table of equivalences of the original Treaty of Lisbon tells us that Title XVIII first became Title XVIII with the addition of space in the TFEU (ToL), and later renumbered Title XIX Research and technological development and space in the consolidated version.
Article 168 TEC initially became Article 168 TFEU (ToL) before the renumbering of the treaty made it into Article 184 TFEU in the consolidated version of the Lisbon Treaty (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/217–218).
***
Lisbon Treaty consolidated
Article 184 TFEU
After one specific amendments and renumbering Article 184 TFEU appears like this in the consolidated version of the Treaty of Lisbon (OJEU 9.5.2008 C 115/130):
(TITLE XIX
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE)
Article 184 TFEU
(ex Article 168 TEC)
In implementing the multiannual framework programme, supplementary programmes may be decided on involving the participation of certain Member States only, which shall finance them subject to possible Union participation.
The Union shall adopt the rules applicable to supplementary programmes, particularly as regards the dissemination of knowledge and access by other Member States.
***
FP7 – Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013)
Having looked at the treaty level, we move on to supplementary research programmes in practice.
Decision No 1982/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 412/1, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:412:0001:0041:EN:PDF
Although the treaty provision on supplementary programmes has its historical roots and causes, including limited use, here we are interested in the possible existence of such EU research programmes.
Recital 26 of the FP7 Decision 1982/2006 refers to supplementary programmes:
(26) Implementation of the Seventh Framework Programme may give rise to supplementary programmes involving the participation of certain Member States only, the participation of the Community in programmes undertaken by several Member States, or the setting up of joint undertakings or other arrangements within the meaning of Articles 168, 169 and 171 of the Treaty.
***
In other words, the FP7 Decision treats supplementary research programmes as a potential instrument.
***
Rules on supplementary programmes?
Is the text of the FP7 Decision Recital 26 just a reminder of an existing optional instrument, or are there more detailed rules in existence governing the use of supplementary programmes?
The rules for participation and for dissemination of research results are set out in Regulation (EC) No 1906/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 laying down the rules for the participation of undertakings, research centres and universities in actions under the Seventh Framework Programme and for the dissemination of research results (2007-2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 391/1:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:391:0001:0018:EN:PDF
I found no mention of supplementary research programmes in Regulation 1906/2006. This indicates that the treaty provision sets the legal framework for the potential use of supplementary programmes. The legal act or acts would probably be drafted according to the objectives, the participants and other circumstances, drawing on existing EC (EU) research Decisions, Regulations and practices.
***
Specific programmes
The Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7) is implemented through specific programmes. The possibility of supplementary programmes is mentioned in the context of the FP7 or the specific programme in question, but we leave it to the interested reader to dig more deeply.
Note that the specific programmes initially published have been corrected and the corrigenda published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) 22 February 2007 L 54. The links in earlier posts have been replaced below.
Cooperation programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/971/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the Specific Programme "Cooperation" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), initially published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/86. The corrigendum OJEU 22.2.2007 L 54/30 is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:054:0030:0080:EN:PDF
***
Ideas programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/972/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the specific programme: "Ideas" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), initially published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/243. The corrigendum OJEU 22.2.2007 L 54/81 is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:054:0081:0090:EN:PDF
***
People programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/973/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the specific programme "People" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), was initially published in OJEU 2006 L 400. Here is a link to the corrigendum OJEU 22.2.2007 L 54/91:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:054:0091:0100:EN:PDF
***
Capacities programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/974/EC of 19 December 2006 on the Specific Programme: "Capacities" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), initially published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/299. The corrigendum OJEU 22.2.2007 L 54/101 is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:054:0101:0125:EN:PDF
***
Joint Research Centre
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/975/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the Specific Programme to be carried out by means of direct actions by the Joint Research Centre under the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), initially published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/368. The corrigendum OJEU 22.2.2007 L 54/126 is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:054:0126:0138:EN:PDF
Ralf Grahn
EU Law: Research participation and dissemination
One of the aims of the European Community’s (European Union’s) Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7) was to streamline the procedures for participants.
The European Year of Creativity and Innovation 2009 started a few days ago with the objective to raise awareness of importance of creativity and innovation for personal, social and economic development, to disseminate good practices, stimulate education and research, and promote policy debate and development:
http://create2009.europa.eu/
We take a peek at the treaty level provisions concerning EU research and technological development (RTD) activities, especially secondary legislation with regard to participation and dissemination of research results.
Participants are invited to comment on how successful the FP7 streamlining exercise has been.
***
Article 167 TEC
Article 167 (ex Article 130j) of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) concerns rules for the participation in the multiannual framework programme for research and technological development and rules governing the dissemination of results.
The current Article 167 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC), as published in the latest consolidated version of the treaties, OJEU 29.12.2006 C 321 E/122:
(TITLE XVIII
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT)
Article 167 TEC
For the implementation of the multiannual framework programme the Council shall:
— determine the rules for the participation of undertakings, research centres and universities,
— lay down the rules governing the dissemination of research results.
***
Original Lisbon Treaty (ToL)
Article 2, point 138 of the Lisbon Treaty amended Article 167 TEC (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/86):
139) In Article 167, the words ‘the Council’ shall be replaced by ‘the Union’.
***
Renumbering the Treaty of Lisbon (ToL)
The Table of equivalences of the original Treaty of Lisbon tells us that Title XVIII first became Title XVIII with the addition of space in the TFEU (ToL), and later renumbered Title XIX Research and technological development and space in the consolidated version.
Article 167 TEC initially became Article 167 TFEU (ToL) before the renumbering of the treaty made it into Article 183 TFEU in the consolidated version of the Lisbon Treaty (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/217–218).
***
Lisbon Treaty consolidated
Article 183 TFEU
After one specific amendments and renumbering Article 183 TFEU appears like this in the consolidated version of the Treaty of Lisbon (OJEU 9.5.2008 C 115/130):
(TITLE XIX
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE)
Article 183 TFEU
(ex Article 167 TEC)
For the implementation of the multiannual framework programme the Union shall:
— determine the rules for the participation of undertakings, research centres and universities,
— lay down the rules governing the dissemination of research results.
***
Overview: EU research funding 2007 to 2013
Before looking at the detailed rules, some readers may want an overview of what the European Union has to offer in the area of research funding generally.
The Commission has published the booklet Competitive European regions through research and innovation – Practical guide to EU funding opportunities for research and innovation (Revision 2, 2 December 2008; 59 pages), available here:
ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/docs/practical-guide-rev2_en.pdf
At the Community level, the Union possesses three key funding instruments to support research and innovation: Cohesion policy which is funded through the Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund; the Research Framework Programme (FP7) and the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP).
The Practical guide offers information about EU funding opportunities.
***
CORDIS
CORDIS – the Community Research & Development Information Service – offers a wealth of information about the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), accessible from here:
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/home_en.html
***
FP7 in Brief
The Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (2007 to 2013) is presented in an introductory brochure called FP7 in Brief – How to get involved in the EU 7th Framework Programme for Research (a pocket guide for newcomers):
http://ec.europa.eu/research/fp7/pdf/fp7-inbrief_en.pdf
***
FP7 – Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013)
After the background presented above, it is time to mention the main legal act concerning the FP7.
Decision No 1982/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 412/1, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:412:0001:0041:EN:PDF
FP7 themes
The research and technological development (RTD) activities within the Seventh Framework Programme from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2013 are carried out in the following thematic areas (Article 2):
(a) Health;
(b) Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, and Biotechnology;
(c) Information and Communication Technologies;
(d) Nano-sciences, Nano-technologies, Materials and New Production Technologies;
(e) Energy;
(f) Environment (including Climate Change);
(g) Transport (including Aeronautics);
(h) Socio-economic Sciences and Humanities;
(i) Space;
(j) Security.
(ii) Ideas: supporting ‘investigator-driven’ research carried out across all fields by individual national or transnational teams in competition at the European level.
(iii) People: strengthening, quantitatively and qualitatively, the human potential in research and technological development in Europe, as well as encouraging mobility.
(iv) Capacities: supporting key aspects of European research and innovation capacities such as research infrastructures; regional research driven clusters; the development of a full research potential in the Community's convergence and outermost regions; research for the benefit of small and medium-sized enterprises (‘SMEs’); ‘Science in Society’ issues; support to coherent development of policies; horizontal activities of international cooperation.
2. The Seventh Framework Programme shall also support the non-nuclear direct scientific and technical actions carried out by the Joint Research Centre (‘JRC’) as defined in Annex I.
*
The Decision offers some general rules and and its Annexes present thematic objectives, reasons, activities, a breakdown of available financial resources etc.
***
Rules for participation and dissemination
The specific objective of this post is to point to the rules on participation in FP7 activities and the dissemination of research results.
The rules for participation mentioned in the first indent and for dissemination of research results mentioned in the second indent of Article 167 TEC (and Article 183 TFEU) are set out in Regulation (EC) No 1906/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 laying down the rules for the participation of undertakings, research centres and universities in actions under the Seventh Framework Programme and for the dissemination of research results (2007-2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 391/1, available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:391:0001:0018:EN:PDF
Article 1 of Regulation 1906/2006 indicates the scope:
Article 1
Subject matter
This Regulation lays down the rules for the participation of undertakings, research centres and universities and other legal entities in actions undertaken by one or more participants by means of funding schemes identified in part (a) of Annex III to Decision No 1982/2006/EC, hereinafter ‘indirect actions’.
It also lays down rules, in accordance with those laid down in the Financial Regulation and the Implementing Rules concerning the Community financial contribution to participants in indirect actions under the Seventh Framework Programme.
As regards the results of research carried out under the Seventh Framework Programme, this Regulation lays down rules for the disclosure of foreground by any appropriate means other than that resulting from the formalities for protecting it, and including the publication of foreground in any medium, hereinafter ‘dissemination’.
In addition, it lays down rules for the direct or indirect utilisation of foreground in further research activities other than those covered by the indirect action concerned, or for developing, creating and marketing a product or process, or for creating and providing a service, hereinafter ‘use’.
In respect of both foreground and background, this Regulation lays down rules concerning licences and user rights thereto, hereinafter ‘access rights’.
***
Guidance for participants
CORDIS offers participants further guides and model agreements on the page Find a document:
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/find-doc_en.html
***
Specific programmes
The specific programmes have their own rules, which require compliance.
Cooperation programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/971/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the Specific Programme "Cooperation" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/86, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0086:0242:EN:PDF
***
Ideas programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/972/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the specific programme: "Ideas" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/243, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0243:0271:EN:PDF
***
People programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/973/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the specific programme "People" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), was published in OJEU 2006 L 400, but the link did not lead to the first page of the Decision; look for page 270 manually.
***
Capacities programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/974/EC of 19 December 2006 on the Specific Programme: "Capacities" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/299, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0299:0367:EN:PDF
***
Joint Research Centre
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/975/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the Specific Programme to be carried out by means of direct actions by the Joint Research Centre under the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/368, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0368:0403:EN:PDF
***
European research area
The Commission’s Green Paper The European Research Area: New Perspectives (Text with EEA relevance), Brussels, 4.4.2007 COM(2007) 161 final.
The Green Paper raised a number of questions on how to deepen and widen the European Research Area so that it fully contributes to the renewed Lisbon strategy:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2007:0161:FIN:EN:PDF
Based on the consultation, on 2 December 2008 the Council agreed on a European Research Area Vision 2020 and the Commission has launched five new initiatives:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/2020_era_vision_en.html
http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/specific-era-initiatives_en.html
***
Commission research activities
The Commission’s Directorate-General Research offers news, information and links to activities concerning research and technological development. General and updated information is available here:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/index.cfm
***
Community research legislation
The Commission’s web page Research and innovation serves as a portal to summaries of EC (EU) law with regard to research and technological development:
http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/s23000.htm
***
Has the Seventh Framework Programme of European Union managed to streamline the rules for participation and dissemination enough, or are they still too heavy?
Ralf Grahn
The European Year of Creativity and Innovation 2009 started a few days ago with the objective to raise awareness of importance of creativity and innovation for personal, social and economic development, to disseminate good practices, stimulate education and research, and promote policy debate and development:
http://create2009.europa.eu/
We take a peek at the treaty level provisions concerning EU research and technological development (RTD) activities, especially secondary legislation with regard to participation and dissemination of research results.
Participants are invited to comment on how successful the FP7 streamlining exercise has been.
***
Article 167 TEC
Article 167 (ex Article 130j) of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) concerns rules for the participation in the multiannual framework programme for research and technological development and rules governing the dissemination of results.
The current Article 167 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC), as published in the latest consolidated version of the treaties, OJEU 29.12.2006 C 321 E/122:
(TITLE XVIII
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT)
Article 167 TEC
For the implementation of the multiannual framework programme the Council shall:
— determine the rules for the participation of undertakings, research centres and universities,
— lay down the rules governing the dissemination of research results.
***
Original Lisbon Treaty (ToL)
Article 2, point 138 of the Lisbon Treaty amended Article 167 TEC (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/86):
139) In Article 167, the words ‘the Council’ shall be replaced by ‘the Union’.
***
Renumbering the Treaty of Lisbon (ToL)
The Table of equivalences of the original Treaty of Lisbon tells us that Title XVIII first became Title XVIII with the addition of space in the TFEU (ToL), and later renumbered Title XIX Research and technological development and space in the consolidated version.
Article 167 TEC initially became Article 167 TFEU (ToL) before the renumbering of the treaty made it into Article 183 TFEU in the consolidated version of the Lisbon Treaty (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/217–218).
***
Lisbon Treaty consolidated
Article 183 TFEU
After one specific amendments and renumbering Article 183 TFEU appears like this in the consolidated version of the Treaty of Lisbon (OJEU 9.5.2008 C 115/130):
(TITLE XIX
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE)
Article 183 TFEU
(ex Article 167 TEC)
For the implementation of the multiannual framework programme the Union shall:
— determine the rules for the participation of undertakings, research centres and universities,
— lay down the rules governing the dissemination of research results.
***
Overview: EU research funding 2007 to 2013
Before looking at the detailed rules, some readers may want an overview of what the European Union has to offer in the area of research funding generally.
The Commission has published the booklet Competitive European regions through research and innovation – Practical guide to EU funding opportunities for research and innovation (Revision 2, 2 December 2008; 59 pages), available here:
ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/docs/practical-guide-rev2_en.pdf
At the Community level, the Union possesses three key funding instruments to support research and innovation: Cohesion policy which is funded through the Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund; the Research Framework Programme (FP7) and the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP).
The Practical guide offers information about EU funding opportunities.
***
CORDIS
CORDIS – the Community Research & Development Information Service – offers a wealth of information about the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), accessible from here:
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/home_en.html
***
FP7 in Brief
The Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (2007 to 2013) is presented in an introductory brochure called FP7 in Brief – How to get involved in the EU 7th Framework Programme for Research (a pocket guide for newcomers):
http://ec.europa.eu/research/fp7/pdf/fp7-inbrief_en.pdf
***
FP7 – Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013)
After the background presented above, it is time to mention the main legal act concerning the FP7.
Decision No 1982/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 412/1, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:412:0001:0041:EN:PDF
FP7 themes
The research and technological development (RTD) activities within the Seventh Framework Programme from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2013 are carried out in the following thematic areas (Article 2):
(a) Health;
(b) Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, and Biotechnology;
(c) Information and Communication Technologies;
(d) Nano-sciences, Nano-technologies, Materials and New Production Technologies;
(e) Energy;
(f) Environment (including Climate Change);
(g) Transport (including Aeronautics);
(h) Socio-economic Sciences and Humanities;
(i) Space;
(j) Security.
(ii) Ideas: supporting ‘investigator-driven’ research carried out across all fields by individual national or transnational teams in competition at the European level.
(iii) People: strengthening, quantitatively and qualitatively, the human potential in research and technological development in Europe, as well as encouraging mobility.
(iv) Capacities: supporting key aspects of European research and innovation capacities such as research infrastructures; regional research driven clusters; the development of a full research potential in the Community's convergence and outermost regions; research for the benefit of small and medium-sized enterprises (‘SMEs’); ‘Science in Society’ issues; support to coherent development of policies; horizontal activities of international cooperation.
2. The Seventh Framework Programme shall also support the non-nuclear direct scientific and technical actions carried out by the Joint Research Centre (‘JRC’) as defined in Annex I.
*
The Decision offers some general rules and and its Annexes present thematic objectives, reasons, activities, a breakdown of available financial resources etc.
***
Rules for participation and dissemination
The specific objective of this post is to point to the rules on participation in FP7 activities and the dissemination of research results.
The rules for participation mentioned in the first indent and for dissemination of research results mentioned in the second indent of Article 167 TEC (and Article 183 TFEU) are set out in Regulation (EC) No 1906/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 laying down the rules for the participation of undertakings, research centres and universities in actions under the Seventh Framework Programme and for the dissemination of research results (2007-2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 391/1, available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:391:0001:0018:EN:PDF
Article 1 of Regulation 1906/2006 indicates the scope:
Article 1
Subject matter
This Regulation lays down the rules for the participation of undertakings, research centres and universities and other legal entities in actions undertaken by one or more participants by means of funding schemes identified in part (a) of Annex III to Decision No 1982/2006/EC, hereinafter ‘indirect actions’.
It also lays down rules, in accordance with those laid down in the Financial Regulation and the Implementing Rules concerning the Community financial contribution to participants in indirect actions under the Seventh Framework Programme.
As regards the results of research carried out under the Seventh Framework Programme, this Regulation lays down rules for the disclosure of foreground by any appropriate means other than that resulting from the formalities for protecting it, and including the publication of foreground in any medium, hereinafter ‘dissemination’.
In addition, it lays down rules for the direct or indirect utilisation of foreground in further research activities other than those covered by the indirect action concerned, or for developing, creating and marketing a product or process, or for creating and providing a service, hereinafter ‘use’.
In respect of both foreground and background, this Regulation lays down rules concerning licences and user rights thereto, hereinafter ‘access rights’.
***
Guidance for participants
CORDIS offers participants further guides and model agreements on the page Find a document:
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/find-doc_en.html
***
Specific programmes
The specific programmes have their own rules, which require compliance.
Cooperation programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/971/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the Specific Programme "Cooperation" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/86, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0086:0242:EN:PDF
***
Ideas programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/972/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the specific programme: "Ideas" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/243, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0243:0271:EN:PDF
***
People programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/973/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the specific programme "People" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), was published in OJEU 2006 L 400, but the link did not lead to the first page of the Decision; look for page 270 manually.
***
Capacities programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/974/EC of 19 December 2006 on the Specific Programme: "Capacities" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/299, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0299:0367:EN:PDF
***
Joint Research Centre
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/975/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the Specific Programme to be carried out by means of direct actions by the Joint Research Centre under the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/368, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0368:0403:EN:PDF
***
European research area
The Commission’s Green Paper The European Research Area: New Perspectives (Text with EEA relevance), Brussels, 4.4.2007 COM(2007) 161 final.
The Green Paper raised a number of questions on how to deepen and widen the European Research Area so that it fully contributes to the renewed Lisbon strategy:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2007:0161:FIN:EN:PDF
Based on the consultation, on 2 December 2008 the Council agreed on a European Research Area Vision 2020 and the Commission has launched five new initiatives:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/2020_era_vision_en.html
http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/specific-era-initiatives_en.html
***
Commission research activities
The Commission’s Directorate-General Research offers news, information and links to activities concerning research and technological development. General and updated information is available here:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/index.cfm
***
Community research legislation
The Commission’s web page Research and innovation serves as a portal to summaries of EC (EU) law with regard to research and technological development:
http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/s23000.htm
***
Has the Seventh Framework Programme of European Union managed to streamline the rules for participation and dissemination enough, or are they still too heavy?
Ralf Grahn
Saturday, 3 January 2009
EU Law: Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration activities
The European Community (European Union) Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration activities sets out the European level activities.
The current Framework Programme is the seventh – FP7 – and it runs from 2007 to 2013.
Specific progammes implement the framework. The programmes are called Cooperation, Ideas, People and Capacities. In addition there are the direct actions by the Joint Research Centre.
We look at the treaty level provisions and refer to the relevant secondary legislation.
***
Article 166 TEC
Article 166 (ex Article 130i) of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) is the legal base for a multiannual framework programme. This programme is adopted according to the co-decision procedure and it shall set out all the European Community’s activities in research and technological development.
The indents present the main characteristic of this framework.
The framework programme can be adapted or supplemented during its lifetime.
Specific implementing programmes are adopted within the framework by the Council.
The current Article 166 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC), as published in the latest consolidated version of the treaties, OJEU 29.12.2006 C 321 E/121–122:
(TITLE XVIII
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT)
Article 166 TEC
1. A multiannual framework programme, setting out all the activities of the Community, shall be adopted by the Council, acting in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 251 after consulting the Economic and Social Committee.
The framework programme shall:
— establish the scientific and technological objectives to be achieved by the activities provided for in Article 164 and fix the relevant priorities,
— indicate the broad lines of such activities,
— fix the maximum overall amount and the detailed rules for Community financial participation in the framework programme and the respective shares in each of the activities provided for.
2. The framework programme shall be adapted or supplemented as the situation changes.
3. The framework programme shall be implemented through specific programmes developed within each activity. Each specific programme shall define the detailed rules for implementing it, fix its duration and provide for the means deemed necessary. The sum of the amounts deemed necessary, fixed in the specific programmes, may not exceed the overall maximum amount fixed for the framework programme and each activity.
4. The Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee, shall adopt the specific programmes.
***
Original Lisbon Treaty (ToL)
Article 2, point 138 of the Lisbon Treaty amended Article 165 TEC (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/86):
138) Article 166 shall be amended as follows:
(a) in paragraph 4, the words ‘The Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission’ shall be replaced by ‘The Council, acting in accordance with a special legislative procedure’;
(b) the following new paragraph 5 shall be added:
‘5. As a complement to the activities planned in the multiannual framework programme, the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure and after consulting the Economic and Social Committee, shall establish the measures necessary for the implementation of the European research area.’.
***
Renumbering the Treaty of Lisbon (ToL)
The Table of equivalences of the original Treaty of Lisbon tells us that Title XVIII first became Title XVIII with the addition of space in the TFEU (ToL), and renumbered Title XIX Research and technological development and space in the consolidated version.
Article 166 TEC initially became Article 166 TFEU (ToL) before the renumbering of the treaty made it into Article 182 TFEU in the consolidated version of the Lisbon Treaty (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/217–218).
***
Lisbon Treaty consolidated
Article 182 TFEU
With the specific amendments and after the horizontal amendments which replaced the Community by the Union and renamed the legislative procedure in paragraph 1 as well as the renumbering of the Article, Article 182 TFEU appears like this in the consolidated version of the Treaty of Lisbon (OJEU 9.5.2008 C 115/129–130):
(TITLE XIX
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE)
Article 182 TFEU
(ex Article 166 TEC)
1. A multiannual framework programme, setting out all the activities of the Union, shall be adopted by the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure after consulting the Economic and Social Committee.
The framework programme shall:
— establish the scientific and technological objectives to be achieved by the activities provided for in Article 180 and fix the relevant priorities,
— indicate the broad lines of such activities,
— fix the maximum overall amount and the detailed rules for Union financial participation in the framework programme and the respective shares in each of the activities provided for.
2. The framework programme shall be adapted or supplemented as the situation changes.
3. The framework programme shall be implemented through specific programmes developed within each activity. Each specific programme shall define the detailed rules for implementing it, fix its duration and provide for the means deemed necessary. The sum of the amounts deemed necessary, fixed in the specific programmes, may not exceed the overall maximum amount fixed for the framework programme and each activity.
4. The Council, acting in accordance with a special legislative procedure and after consulting the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee, shall adopt the specific programmes.
5. As a complement to the activities planned in the multiannual framework programme, the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure and after consulting the Economic and Social Committee, shall establish the measures necessary for the implementation of the European research area.
***
Main changes
The ordinary legislative procedure and the special legislative procedures do not change the substance of the provision.
The new fifth paragraph takes over the substance of Article III-251(4) of the Constitutional Treaty, which means that a specific legal base is created for the European research area.
***
EU research competence
In the general ordering of European Union competence, the Lisbon Treaty deals with research in under shared competence, but with a particular twist. Article 4(3) TFEU states:
3. In the areas of research, technological development and space, the Union shall have competence to carry out activities, in particular to define and implement programmes; however, the exercise of that competence shall not result in Member States being prevented from exercising theirs.
***
FP7 – Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013)
Decision No 1982/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 412/1, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:412:0001:0041:EN:PDF
***
Specific programmes
Cooperation programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/971/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the Specific Programme "Cooperation" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/86, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0086:0242:EN:PDF
***
Ideas programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/972/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the specific programme: "Ideas" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/243, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0243:0271:EN:PDF
***
People programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/973/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the specific programme "People" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), was published in OJEU 2006 L 400, but the link did not lead to the first page of the Decision; look for page 270 manually.
***
Capacities programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/974/EC of 19 December 2006 on the Specific Programme: "Capacities" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/299, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0299:0367:EN:PDF
***
Joint Research Centre
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/975/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the Specific Programme to be carried out by means of direct actions by the Joint Research Centre under the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/368, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0368:0403:EN:PDF
***
European research area
The Commission’s Green Paper The European Research Area: New Perspectives (Text with EEA relevance), Brussels, 4.4.2007 COM(2007) 161 final.
The Green Paper raised a number of questions on how to deepen and widen the European Research Area so that it fully contributes to the renewed Lisbon strategy:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2007:0161:FIN:EN:PDF
Based on the consultation, on 2 December 2008 the Council agreed on a European Research Area Vision 2020 and the Commission has launched five new initiatives:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/2020_era_vision_en.html
http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/specific-era-initiatives_en.html
***
Commission research activities
The Commission’s Directorate-General Research offers news, information and links to activities concerning research and technological development. General and updated information is available here:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/index.cfm
***
Community research legislation
The Commission’s web page Research and innovation serves as a portal to summaries of EC (EU) law with regard to research and technological development:
http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/s23000.htm
***
Dear readers, your comments with views and experiences are appreciated.
Ralf Grahn
The current Framework Programme is the seventh – FP7 – and it runs from 2007 to 2013.
Specific progammes implement the framework. The programmes are called Cooperation, Ideas, People and Capacities. In addition there are the direct actions by the Joint Research Centre.
We look at the treaty level provisions and refer to the relevant secondary legislation.
***
Article 166 TEC
Article 166 (ex Article 130i) of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC) is the legal base for a multiannual framework programme. This programme is adopted according to the co-decision procedure and it shall set out all the European Community’s activities in research and technological development.
The indents present the main characteristic of this framework.
The framework programme can be adapted or supplemented during its lifetime.
Specific implementing programmes are adopted within the framework by the Council.
The current Article 166 of the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC), as published in the latest consolidated version of the treaties, OJEU 29.12.2006 C 321 E/121–122:
(TITLE XVIII
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT)
Article 166 TEC
1. A multiannual framework programme, setting out all the activities of the Community, shall be adopted by the Council, acting in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 251 after consulting the Economic and Social Committee.
The framework programme shall:
— establish the scientific and technological objectives to be achieved by the activities provided for in Article 164 and fix the relevant priorities,
— indicate the broad lines of such activities,
— fix the maximum overall amount and the detailed rules for Community financial participation in the framework programme and the respective shares in each of the activities provided for.
2. The framework programme shall be adapted or supplemented as the situation changes.
3. The framework programme shall be implemented through specific programmes developed within each activity. Each specific programme shall define the detailed rules for implementing it, fix its duration and provide for the means deemed necessary. The sum of the amounts deemed necessary, fixed in the specific programmes, may not exceed the overall maximum amount fixed for the framework programme and each activity.
4. The Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee, shall adopt the specific programmes.
***
Original Lisbon Treaty (ToL)
Article 2, point 138 of the Lisbon Treaty amended Article 165 TEC (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/86):
138) Article 166 shall be amended as follows:
(a) in paragraph 4, the words ‘The Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission’ shall be replaced by ‘The Council, acting in accordance with a special legislative procedure’;
(b) the following new paragraph 5 shall be added:
‘5. As a complement to the activities planned in the multiannual framework programme, the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure and after consulting the Economic and Social Committee, shall establish the measures necessary for the implementation of the European research area.’.
***
Renumbering the Treaty of Lisbon (ToL)
The Table of equivalences of the original Treaty of Lisbon tells us that Title XVIII first became Title XVIII with the addition of space in the TFEU (ToL), and renumbered Title XIX Research and technological development and space in the consolidated version.
Article 166 TEC initially became Article 166 TFEU (ToL) before the renumbering of the treaty made it into Article 182 TFEU in the consolidated version of the Lisbon Treaty (OJEU 17.12.2007 C 306/217–218).
***
Lisbon Treaty consolidated
Article 182 TFEU
With the specific amendments and after the horizontal amendments which replaced the Community by the Union and renamed the legislative procedure in paragraph 1 as well as the renumbering of the Article, Article 182 TFEU appears like this in the consolidated version of the Treaty of Lisbon (OJEU 9.5.2008 C 115/129–130):
(TITLE XIX
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE)
Article 182 TFEU
(ex Article 166 TEC)
1. A multiannual framework programme, setting out all the activities of the Union, shall be adopted by the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure after consulting the Economic and Social Committee.
The framework programme shall:
— establish the scientific and technological objectives to be achieved by the activities provided for in Article 180 and fix the relevant priorities,
— indicate the broad lines of such activities,
— fix the maximum overall amount and the detailed rules for Union financial participation in the framework programme and the respective shares in each of the activities provided for.
2. The framework programme shall be adapted or supplemented as the situation changes.
3. The framework programme shall be implemented through specific programmes developed within each activity. Each specific programme shall define the detailed rules for implementing it, fix its duration and provide for the means deemed necessary. The sum of the amounts deemed necessary, fixed in the specific programmes, may not exceed the overall maximum amount fixed for the framework programme and each activity.
4. The Council, acting in accordance with a special legislative procedure and after consulting the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee, shall adopt the specific programmes.
5. As a complement to the activities planned in the multiannual framework programme, the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure and after consulting the Economic and Social Committee, shall establish the measures necessary for the implementation of the European research area.
***
Main changes
The ordinary legislative procedure and the special legislative procedures do not change the substance of the provision.
The new fifth paragraph takes over the substance of Article III-251(4) of the Constitutional Treaty, which means that a specific legal base is created for the European research area.
***
EU research competence
In the general ordering of European Union competence, the Lisbon Treaty deals with research in under shared competence, but with a particular twist. Article 4(3) TFEU states:
3. In the areas of research, technological development and space, the Union shall have competence to carry out activities, in particular to define and implement programmes; however, the exercise of that competence shall not result in Member States being prevented from exercising theirs.
***
FP7 – Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013)
Decision No 1982/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 412/1, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:412:0001:0041:EN:PDF
***
Specific programmes
Cooperation programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/971/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the Specific Programme "Cooperation" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/86, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0086:0242:EN:PDF
***
Ideas programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/972/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the specific programme: "Ideas" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published in OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/243, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0243:0271:EN:PDF
***
People programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/973/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the specific programme "People" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), was published in OJEU 2006 L 400, but the link did not lead to the first page of the Decision; look for page 270 manually.
***
Capacities programme
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/974/EC of 19 December 2006 on the Specific Programme: "Capacities" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/299, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0299:0367:EN:PDF
***
Joint Research Centre
COUNCIL DECISION 2006/975/EC of 19 December 2006 concerning the Specific Programme to be carried out by means of direct actions by the Joint Research Centre under the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013), published OJEU 30.12.2006 L 400/368, is available here:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:400:0368:0403:EN:PDF
***
European research area
The Commission’s Green Paper The European Research Area: New Perspectives (Text with EEA relevance), Brussels, 4.4.2007 COM(2007) 161 final.
The Green Paper raised a number of questions on how to deepen and widen the European Research Area so that it fully contributes to the renewed Lisbon strategy:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2007:0161:FIN:EN:PDF
Based on the consultation, on 2 December 2008 the Council agreed on a European Research Area Vision 2020 and the Commission has launched five new initiatives:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/2020_era_vision_en.html
http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/specific-era-initiatives_en.html
***
Commission research activities
The Commission’s Directorate-General Research offers news, information and links to activities concerning research and technological development. General and updated information is available here:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/index.cfm
***
Community research legislation
The Commission’s web page Research and innovation serves as a portal to summaries of EC (EU) law with regard to research and technological development:
http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/s23000.htm
***
Dear readers, your comments with views and experiences are appreciated.
Ralf Grahn
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